Fuel-spraying nozzle for internal-combustion engines



K. O. KELLER.

FUEL SPHAYING NOZZLE FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES. APPLICATION FILEDJULY 8,1920.

I 1,401,91 1 Patented Dec. 27, 1921.

2 SHEETS-SHEET I.

K. O. KELLER.

FUEL SPRAYING NOZZLE FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES. APPLICATION FILEDJULY 8. I920.

1,401,91 1, Patented Dec. 27, 1921. 22 8.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

W mp

UNE'FED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

KARL OTTO KELLER, OF SUNDERLAND, DURHAM, ENGLAND, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALFTO ROBE-3'1 FILE DOXFORD, OF SUNDERLAN D, ENGLAND.

FUEL-SPRAYING NOZZLE FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES.

Application filed July 8,

To all whom iii-may concern:

Be it known that I, KARL O'r'ro KELLER, a citizen of the SwissConfederation, residing at Sunderland, Durham, England, have inventedcertain new and useful Improvements in Fuel-Spra ing Nozzles forInternal-Combustion ngines, of which the following is a specification. I-.This invention is for improvements in or relating to fuel-sprayingnozzles for internal-combustion engines, and may be used with engineshaving either onepiston or two opposed pistons in each cylinder.Fuelspraying nozzles hitherto used for internalcombustion engines,especially in the case of solid injection. engines, suffer severelyfromthe heat of combustion when the nozzles are not water cooled. Incases where a single jet is employed, as for example, hot bulb engines,this difficulty is not so apparent owing to the low mean pressures whichare obtained, and the comparatively small'size of the cylinders.

Where higher mean pressures and larger cylinders are required, it isessential to use several jets per cylinders. In these cases it isnecessary to increase the surface of the nozzle in order to accommodatethe increased number of-jets, and it has been found in practice thatsuch jets grouped together give trouble in service owing tocarbonization, on account of the increased surface exposed to the flameof combustion; this trouble is particularly bad if it is attempted toburn the heavier grades of fuel-oil.

Another objection to these devices is that it has been customary todrill the jets or orifices all in a single plug' so as to communicatewith a central supply-hole. These jet-orifices are very small and mustbe accurately formed so that the operation is a delicate one and thedrilling of several such orifices in a single plug is not desirable fromthe manufacturing point of View.

According to the present invention, there is provided in a fuel-sprayingnozzle for an internal-combustion engine, the combination with thedelivery end thereof, in which is a plurality of fuel-passages, ofseparately manufactured plugs, one for the delivery end ofeach passage,each plug being perforated to break up the liquid forced therethroughand to shape the resultant jet.

According to another feature of the 1nvention, there are provided, in anozzle, as

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Dec. 27, 1921 1920. Serial No. 394,682.

invention, a fuel-spraying nozzle comprises.

a plate-like member formed with a projection or projections thereonandwith fuel passages extending through said projections, fuel-sprayingplugs mounted in the end face or faces of said projections, and aguardplate welded to the circumference of said member and to the saidprojections thereof, and disposed with its outer face meeting smoothlythe said end faces of the projections and its inner face spaced awayfrom the face of the said member to provide a circulation space forcooling water.

In the accompanying drawings, which illustrate one embodiment of thisinvention,

Figure l is a central vertical section showing the delivery end of afuel-nozzle;

Fig. 2 is a plan showing a central horizontal section of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is an elevation of the delivery end of the nozzle looking fromthe left-hand side in Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is a similar view looking from the ri ht-hand side;

igs. 5, 6., and 7 show alternative forms of perforated plugs which areused to produce the jets of fuel;

Fig. 8 is a view similar to Fig. 1 of a modified form of fuel-nozzle;

Fig. 9 is a central horizontal section of Fig. 8;

Fig. 10' is a central vertical section on the line l010 of Fig. 11, and

Fig. 11 is an elevation of the rear face of the nozzle.

Like reference characters indicate like parts throughout the drawings.

Referring to Figs. 1 to 7 of these drawings, the body of thefuel-nozzle10 is provided with a central passage 11 through which the fuel-oil isdelivered, and with two other passages 12 and 13 for the circulation ofcooling water. All these passages open on to the end face 14 of the part10.

"terbored as at 25 to receive a plug which is perforated so as to breakup the liquid forced therethrough and to shape the resultant'jet issuingfrom it. Various forms of plug are shown in Figs. 5, 6 and 7, but anyother desired form may be used. In each of these figures the body of theplug is shown at 30 and the perforation through which the fuel issues isindicated at 31. It

will be understood that the particular form of plug selected and alsothe shaping of the perforation may be varied accordingto the a type ofjet which it is desired to produce.

The passages 22 which diverge most from the central axial line of thejet may be provided with additional enlargements 26 beyond thecounter-bore 25, in order to accommodate the divergent jet issuing fromthe plug 30 in the portion 25 of that passage.

A cylindrical member or guard-plate 40 is arranged to fit on to theelement 20. This guard-plate comprises a cylindrical portion 41 whichfits over a. portion of the disk 20, and it also has a flange 42 beddedagainst a similar flange on the disk 20 and welded thereto as at 43. IThe front face of the plate 40 has an opening in it to expose the face23 of the projection 21, and the fuelassages extending 'therethrouglnThe guar -plate 40 is welded-along the two edges of said rojection asindicated at 44 in Fig. 1, and a so to the ends thereof as indicated at45 in Fig. 2. 1 Its outer face is preferably flush with the end face 23of the ridge 21, and it is, in any case, preferable that its junctiontherewith should be by a smooth curve. so as to avoid ridges or edgeswhich would be liable to become overheated.

The inner surface 46 of the guard-plate 40 is spaced away from the disk20 to provide a circulation space for cooling water. The disk- 20 isprovided with two passages 27, 28 registering respectively with thepassages 12, 13, so that a circulation of cooling water can be insuredover the inside 46 of the end face of the nozzle, and also over theaforesaid projection 21 which constitutes the walls of the fuel passages22. The

" two ends of this projection 21 are notched or recessed as at 29, (seeFigs. 2) to permit the passage of water from one side to the other ofthe said projection.

It will be appreciated thatvthe two parts 20 and 40 being weldedtogether are in effect a single'elemena; and they are secured to the endface 149i the nozzle in any convenient manner as for example by a nut 50engaging the flange 42 and screwed on to the body 10 of the nozzle.

Any desired means for rendering the various joints water-tight andoil-tight may be used. In the form illustrated, the plate 20 is providedwith annular ribs 51, 52, disposed around the fuel-passage 11, and nearthe circumference respectively. These ribs engage corresponding recessesin the face 14 of the body 10 of the nozzle, and a suitable packing, forexample, copper, may be used in these recesses.

The particular embodiment ofthe invention hereinbefore described, hasall the fuel jets arranged in a single row to give a flat fan-shapedspray on a diametral plane of the nozzle, but it is to be understoodthat the fuel-passages may be arranged in any desired manner accordingto the engine in which the nozzle is to be used.

Figs. 8, 9, 10 and 11 show four views corresponding to Figs. 1, 2, 3 and4 of a modified arrangement of the nozzle. In this form the ridge orprojection in which the fuel-passages 61 are formed is offset from thediameter of the nozzle and the fuel-passages are correspondinglyinclined, and communicate with the central passage 62 through-which thefuel-oil is delivered. The cooling water passages 63, 64, and spaces 65are similar to the first-described arrangement to provide for theeffective cooling of the nozzles, the arrangement of the guard-plate 66being exactly similar to that of the guard-plate 40 previouslydescribed. The water passages 63, 64, open on to channeled portions orslots in order to provide communication with two separate water passagesdrilled side by side 1n the body of the nozzle, this body not beingshown in these drawings.

It will be seen from Figs. 8 and 9 that the fuel-passages 61 are notsymmetrical about the longitudinal axis of the nozzle and it is to beunderstood that any desired arrangement of the nozzle may be providedaccording to the engine on which the nozzle is used. When thearrangement is not symmetrical it is desirable to locatethe end part ofthe nozzle correctly, as for example, b

means of a dowel-peg entering the recess 6 in the baekface.

It will be appreciated that the formation of the spraying apertures 31is a very delicate one, and in the event of an aperture be A ing faulty,it is only necessary, with the hereinbefore described construction, toscrap the plug 30 in which it is formed, and it is not necessary, as hasheretofore been the case to scrap the whole nozzle containing the wholeseries of the jets which were all drilled in a single element.

The plugs 30 are inserted into the counterbored portions 35 asabove-described, so as to lie slightly below the end surface thereof,and they are retained therein by calking over the upstanding edge thusobtained. Various modifications maybe made in the precise details ofconstruction. Thus, for example, if it is desired, the fuel-passages 22might be made sufficientlyv large for the plugs to be inserted into themfrom the other end, so that the plugs can sit against a shoulder leftnear the delivery ends of these passages. The oil pressure would thenmaintain these plugs in their desired position. Similarly, any otherdesired means may be used for securing the parts 20 and 40 on to thebody of the nozzle, and all such modifications are held to lie Withinthe scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims:

What I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent is1-- l. A- fuel-spraying nozzle for internalcombustion enginescomprising'a plate-like member formed with a projection thereon andhaving a plurality of-passages extending through said projection,fuel-spraying plugs, respectively mounted in the discharge ends of saidpassages and a guard-plate attached to the circumference of said memberand to said projection and disposed with its outer face meeting smoothlythe said end face of said projection and its inner face spaced away fromthe face of the said membeer to provide a circulation space for coolingWater.

2. A fuelspraying nozzle for internal combustion engines of the solidinjection type comprising a plate-like member formed with a projectionthereon and having a plurality of passages extending through saidprojection, a plurality of fuel spraylng plugs respectively mounted inthe discharge ends KARL OTTO KELLER.

